Increased Kidney Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity in Salt-Induced Experimental Hypertension

Increased kidney xanthine oxidoreductase activity in salt-induced experimental hypertension.

Clinical and experimental studies have established an association between high sodium intake and arterial hypertension. The renal mechanisms resulting in impaired sodium excretion in hypertension-prone subjects are not clear. In hypertension-prone rats, high blood pressure results in increased renal mass and hemodynamic changes, both of which may alter renal oxygen distribution. Xanthine oxidor...

Increased xanthine oxidase activity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) [1–4]. A major contributor to oxidative stress is the endothelium-bound enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), which is involved in the generation of superoxide anions and peroxynitrite [5]. These reactive oxygen species have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage [5]. In viv...

Tempol improves xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated vascular responses to nitrite in experimental renovascular hypertension

Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) increases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and contributes to nitroso-redox imbalance. However, XOR can generate nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite, and increased superoxide could inactivate NO formed from nitrite. This study tested the hypothesis that XOR contributes to the cardiovascular effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension, an...

Xanthine oxidoreductase in essential hypertension and metabolic syndrome : Experimental studies on rodent models

Enhanced vasodilator activity of nitrite in hypertension: critical role for erythrocytic xanthine oxidoreductase and translational potential.

Elevation of circulating nitrite (NO2(-)) levels causes vasodilatation and lowers blood pressure in healthy volunteers. Whether these effects and the underpinning mechanisms persist in hypertension is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the consequences of systemic nitrite elevation in spontaneously hypertensive rats and conducted proof-of-principle studies in patients. Nitrite caused dose-depe...